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| Signs and symptoms - Common causes of breast cancer |
Breast
cancer is cancer that develops in breast tissue. It can occur in men and women, but is more common in women.
There are many types of breast cancer, including-
1. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS): This is a
slowly progressing breast cancer in which abnormal cells are found in the
lining of the breast ducts but have not spread outside.
2. Invasive ductal cancer (IDC): This is the
most common form of breast cancer in which cancer cells invade breast tissue outside the ducts.
3. Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC): This
type of breast cancer begins in the breast tissue (lobules) and then spreads to
nearby tissues.
4. Triple negative breast cancer: This type
of breast cancer is characterized by a deficiency of estrogen receptors,
progesterone receptors, and HER2/neu receptors.
5. Hormone receptor positive breast cancer:
This type of breast cancer develops in response to the hormones estrogen or
progesterone.
6. HER2-positive breast cancer: This type of
breast cancer over expresses the HER2 protein, which promotes the growth of
cancer cells.
Breast
cancer can have many effects on the body, depending on factors such as the
stage of the cancer and the health status of the individual. Some of the side
effects include-
Changes in breast appearance, such as a
swelling or lump in the breast or
armpit. Breast pain or tenderness. Changes in breast size or size Changes in
the breast, such as entropion or discharge. Changes to the skin of the breast,
such as redness or dimpling Swelling or bumps on the legs.
There are many strategies for preventing
breast cancer.
1. Regular screening: Mammograms and breast exams can help detect breast cancer
early, when treatment is most effective.
2. Maintain a healthy lifestyle: This
includes regular exercise, weight control, limiting alcohol consumption and
avoiding smoking.
3. Breastfeeding: Breastfeeding may reduce
the risk of breast cancer, especially if breastfed for a long time.
4. Avoid hormone therapy: If possible, avoid
long-term use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after menopause, as this may
increase the risk of breast cancer.
5. Genetic testing: For people with a family
history of cancer or other risk factors,
genetic counseling and testing can help assess risks and appropriate preventive measures.
6. Self-examination: Performing regular
breast self-exams can help you detect changes in your breasts early. Although
self-exams cannot replace regular checkups, they can help with early diagnosis.
Breast cancer is less
common in men than in women, but it can still occur. What causes cancer in men
is not fully understood, but there are many things that can cause it:
1. Genetics: Genetic mutations, such as BRCA1
and BRCA2 mutations, increase the risk
of breast cancer in both men and women. Men with a family history of breast or other cancer may be at higher risk.
2. Age: The risk of breast cancer in men, as
in women, increases with age. It is most commonly seen in men over the age of
65.
3. Hormonal factors: As in women, hormonal
factors also affect the risk of breast cancer
in men. Conditions that increase estrogen levels, such as Klinefelter
syndrome, obesity, liver disease, and certain medications may increase the
risk.
4. Radiation exposure: Previous radiation
therapy to the chest (for lymphoma, for example) may increase a man's risk of
developing breast cancer.
5. Liver disease: Cirrhosis, which causes
increased levels of estrogen in the body, has been linked to an increased risk
of breast cancer in men.
6. Environment and lifestyle: Some
environmental influences and lifestyle choices may increase the risk of
breast cancer, but the evidence is less
clear for men than for women. Factors such as drinking too much water, smoking
and obesity may play a role.
7. Testosterone replacement therapy: Some
studies suggest that long-term use of testosterone replacement therapy in men
with low testosterone may increase the risk of breast cancer, but more
research is needed to understand this
organization.
Breast cancer in
women is a complex disease to which many factors contribute. Here are some
important reasons:
1. Genetics: Mutations in certain genes, such
as BRCA1 and BRCA2, may increase the risk of breast cancer. However, it is
important to note that only a small proportion of breast cancers (about 6-10%)
are caused by mutations in the genealogy.
2. Age: The risk of breast cancer increases
with age. Most breast cancers occur in women over 50 and are often diagnosed
when the immune system is inactive.
3. Family history: A family history of breast
cancer, especially a family history of breast cancer in close relatives
(mother, sister and daughter), may increase the risk of breast cancer. The risk is higher if more
than one relative in the same family has
breast cancer or if the diagnosis is made at a young age.
4. Personal history: Women who have had breast cancer in the past may be at increased risk of developing new cancer in the same or the other breast.
5. Reproductive factors: Some reproductive
factors can affect the risk of breast cancer:• Early menstruation (before age 14) and late
menopause (after age 56) put the woman at risk by exposing her to hormones for
a longer period of time. Delayed pregnancy or infertility may increase
the risk, while multiple pregnancies and
breastfeeding may reduce the risk.
6. Hormone replacement therapy Long-term use of hormone replacement therapy, especially estrogen and
progesterone therapy, after menopause may increase the risk of breast cancer.
7. Thick breast tissue: Women with dense
breast tissue are more likely to get breast cancer. Qualment's breasts have
less soft tissue, more protrusion, and more soft tissue, making it more
competitive in X-ray detection.
8. Alcohol consumption: Alcohol consumption,
even in small amounts, can cause cancer. The risk increases with alcohol consumption.
9. Obesity and physical activity: Being
overweight or obese is associated with
breast cancer risk, especially after physical inactivity. Conversely,
regular physical activity may reduce the risk.
10. Environment and lifestyle: Exposure to
certain environmental factors (such as electricity), a sedentary lifestyle,
smoking, processed foods and consumption
of foods containing sufficient amounts of fat will increase the risk of cancer.
The
relationship between gender and breast cancer depends less on social behavior
and more on differences between men and women than on gender itself. Generally
speaking, breast cancer is more common
in women than in men. This is mainly due to high estrogen and progesterone levels
in women, which can promote the growth of breast cancer cells. Additionally,
women have more tissue than men, giving
cancer cells more time to grow. However, there is some evidence that certain sexual behaviors or
gender-related factors may affect a
woman's risk of breast cancer:
1. Age of first sex: Some studies show that
the age of first sex is early. May be associated with a slight increase in
cancer risk. However, the relationship between age at first sexual intercourse
and breast cancer risk is complex and may be influenced by other factors.
2. Number of sex partners: Limited evidence
suggests that more sex partners may be associated with a lower risk of breast
cancer. However, more research is needed to
understand this relationship.
3. Hormonal factors: Gender-related factors,
such as hormone levels and hormonal contraceptive use, can affect breast cancer
risk. For example, some hormonal medications may increase the risk of breast cancer, and
hormonal medications associated with pregnancy and breastfeeding may also
affect the risk.
4. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs):
Some STIs, such as human papillomavirus (HPV), are associated with an increased
risk of certain types of breast cancer. However, the relationship between STIs
and breast cancer risk is complex and not fully understood.
